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EndoTODAY ³»½Ã°æ ±³½Ç


[Duodenal carcinoid. ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå À¯¾ÏÁ¾]

[Position statement (2018-8-27)]

½ÊÀÌÁöÀå À¯¾ÏÁ¾Àº Áúº´ÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬»ç°¡ Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ®ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº Áúº´ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àå±â°£ º¯È­°¡ ¾ø´Â ȯÀÚµµ ÀÖÀ¸³ª ºÒÃæºÐÇÑ ³»½Ã°æ ÀýÁ¦¼ú ÈÄ Àç¹ß°ú ÀüÀ̸¦ º¸À̱⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. G1ÀÇ °æ¿ì ³»½Ã°æ ÀýÁ¦¼úÀÌ Ç¥ÁØÄ¡·áÀÌÁö¸¸ õ°øÀÇ À§ÇèÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ³ô°í, ÀýÁ¦º¯¿¬ ¾ç¼ºÀÇ °¡´É¼ºµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °æ°ú°üÂû, ablation, EMR, ESD, ¼ö¼ú µî ¿©·¯ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ȯÀÚ¿¡ µû¶ó °³º°È­ÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ³»½Ã°æ ÀýÁ¦¼úÀÌ ¾î·Á¿î ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­´Â Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ö¼úÀû Ä¡·á¸¦ ±ÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


1. ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå À¯¾ÏÁ¾ ³»½Ã°æ ¼Ò°ß

2. ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå À¯¾ÏÁ¾ ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ õ°ø À§Çè Risk of perforation

3. Treatment - personal experience

4. Treatment - ablation treatment

5. Treatment - EMR

6. Treatment - ESD

7. Treatment - Surgery

8. Slow growing duodenal carcinoid

9. Neuroendocrine carcinoma

10. Code ÄÚµå

11. FAQ

12. References


1. ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå À¯¾ÏÁ¾ ³»½Ã°æ ¼Ò°ß

¼ö¼ú Áõ·Ê SmallTODAY 021

º´¸® °á°ú

½ÊÀÌÁöÀå ±¸ºÎ¿¡¼­ retroflectionÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áõ·Ê°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå ±¸ºÎÀÇ Áö¸§Àº »ç¶÷¿¡ µû¶ó Â÷ÀÌ°¡ Å©°í, ³»½Ã°æÀÇ bending portionÀÇ ±æÀ̵µ ¸ðµ¨¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸ðµç °æ¿ì¿¡ retroflectionÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. Áõ·Ê´Â °í·É ³²¼º¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÈ duodenal carcinoid¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ³»½Ã°æÀº Olympus GIF-H290À̾ú½À´Ï´Ù.


2. ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå À¯¾ÏÁ¾ ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ õ°ø À§Çè. Risk of perforation (2010-10-5 & 2013-10-18 EndoTODAY)

»óºÎÀ§Àå°ü Ä¡·á³»½Ã°æÀ» Àü¹®À¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ÀÇ»ç Áß ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå Ä«½Ã³ëÀ̵å EMR·Î ÀÎÇÑ Ãµ°øÀ» °æÇèÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì°¡ º°·Î ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÊÀÚµµ ¿¹¿Ü°¡ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù.

Á¦°¡ ±³¼ö°¡ µÇ°í ¾ó¸¶ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» ¶§ ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå carcinoid¸¦ two channel endoscopy¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀýÁ¦ÇÏ´Ù°¡ õ°øÀ» ¸¸µç °æÇèÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ½Ã¼ú Á÷ÈÄ chest X-ray¿¡¼­ free air´Â ¾ø¾ú°í ȯÀÚ°¡ º¹ÅëÀ» È£¼ÒÇÏ¿© chest X-ray¸¦ ´Ù½Ã Âï¾ú´Âµ¥µµ free air°¡ ¾È º¸¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÅëÁõÀÌ Á¶ÀýµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ´Ù½Ã ÂïÀº »çÁø¿¡¼­¾ß °Ü¿ì ¾à°£ÀÇ °ø±â°¡ º¸¿´°í ¼ö¼úÀ» ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå õ°ø¿¡¼­ free air°¡ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» ½Ç°¨Çß½À´Ï´Ù.


Á¦ ȯÀÚ´Â ¾Æ´Ï¾úÁö¸¸ ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå carcinoid¿¡ ´ëÇÑ EMR ÈÄ Ãµ°øÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ abscess¸¦ PCD·Î Ä¡·áÇÑ ¿¹¸¦ º» Àûµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


[More cases]

½Ã¼ú µµÁß Ãµ°ø ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿© clipping


3. Treatment of duodenal carcinoid (personal experience)

ÃÖ±Ù ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå carcinoid¸¦ ¸ðµÎ Ä¡·áÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö Àǹ®À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¹Îº´ÈÆ ±³¼ö´Ô°ú ÇÔ²² ªÀº ³í¹®À» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù (Digestion 2013).


4. Ablation treatment

¸ðµç °æ¿ì EMRÀ̳ª ESD¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© complete resectionÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¼ö³â Àü Ä¡·áÇÑ Áõ·ÊÀÔ´Ï´Ù. EMRÀÌ ¾î·Á¿ö cold biopsy ÈÄ APC albationÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.
°á°úÁö: ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå ±¸ºÎÀÇ È­¸é»ó 11½Ã ¹æÇâÀÇ pyloric ring¿¡¼­ ¸Å¿ì °¡±î¿î ºÎÀ§¿¡ 2-3 mm Å©±âÀÇ ¸Å¿ì ÀÛÀº À¶±âÇü º´¼Ò°¡ º¸ÀÌ¸ç °ú°Å Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¿¡¼­ duodenal carcinoid·Î ³ª¿Â º´¼ÒÀÓ. º´¼Ò°¡ pyloric ring¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ±ÙÁ¢ÇØ À־ ÃæºÐÇÑ resection marginÀ» È®º¸ÇÑ »óÅÂÀÇ EMRÀº ¾î·Æ´Ù°í ÆǴܵǾúÀ½. Submucosal injectionÀ» ÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ º´¼Ò´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ¾à°£¸¸ elevationµÇ´Â ¾ç»óÀÓ. Biopsy forcepÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© º´¼Ò¸¦ À°¾ÈÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Á¦°ÅÇÏ¿´À½ (Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç 3 Á¡). Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç ÈÄ residual tumorÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ¿¹¹æÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© argon plasma coagulationÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© completeÇÏ°Ô ablation ÇÏ¿´À½.

Ampulla of Vater ÀαÙÇÏ¿© ÀÛ°í flatÇÏ carcinoid°¡ ÀÖ¾î ÀýÁ¦¼ú À§ÇèÀÌ ³Ê¹« ³ô¾Æ¼­ ¼ÒÀÛ¼ú·Î Ä¡·áÇÔ


5. EMR, polypectomy

°³¾÷°¡¿¡¼­ ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå ¿ëÁ¾ÀýÁ¦¼ú ÈÄ ÃÖÁ¾ °á°ú°¡ neuroendocrine tumor·Î ³ª¿Ô´ø ȯÀÚÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÃßÀû°üÂû ÁßÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Duodenum, polypectomy:
WELL DIFFERENTIATED NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR (G1)
1) tumor size: 0.3x0.2 cm
2) extent: submucosa
3) lymphovascular invasion: not identified
4) perineural invasion: not identified
5) mitosis: 0/10 HPFs
6) resection margin; seems to be negative
. Synaptophysin: Positive in tumor cells
. Ki-67: Positive in 2% of tumor cells


6. ESD

ÀúÈñ º´¿ø¿¡ °è½Ã´Â ÈÄ¹è ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ ¸ÚÁø ½Ã¼úÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÇԺηΠµû¶óÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ê½Ã¿ä. ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù.

Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (G1)
1. Name of Procedure: EMR
2. Site of Tumor: Duodenum
3. Diagnosis: Neuroendocrine tumor
4. WHO classification(2010): Neuroendocrine tumor(G1)
5. Multiplicity: Single
6. Size: 0.5x0.4 cm
7. Extent: Mucosa and submucosa
8. Grading: Mitotic Count(/10HPF): 0-1, Ki-67 labeling index: G1< 2 %
9. Immunohistochemical Stains: 1. Synaptophysin : Positive, 2. Chromogranin A: Positive
10. Lymphovascular invasion: Not identified (optional: D2-40: No lymphatic tumor emboli identified)
11. Perineural invasion: Not identified
12. Resection Margins: Negative (closest deep resection margin, less than 0.1 mm)
13. Immunohistochemistry
. Chromogranin: Positive
. Synaptophysin: Positive
. Ki-67: Positive in about 1 % of tumor cells


2015³â 1¿ùÈ£ EndoscopyÁö¿¡ Endoscopic resection of duodenal adenomas: endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection?¶ó´Â editorialÀÌ ½Ç·È½À´Ï´Ù. ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå ¼±Á¾¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °¡±ÞÀû ESD¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó°í Çϳ׿ä ("should not be done routinely"). ³Ê¹« À§ÇèÇϴϱî...


7. Surgery

ÇÔ¸ôÇü ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå À¯¾ÏÁ¾À¸·Î ³»½Ã°æ ÀýÁ¦°¡ ½±Áö ¾ÊÀº ¸ð¾çÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç °á°úµµ neuroendocrine tumor with suspicious tumor emboli¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ö¼úÀ» ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

SmallTODAY 021
Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (G1)
1. Name of Procedure: Duodenal wedge resection
2. Site of Tumor: Duodenum
3. Diagnosis: Neuroendocrine tumor
4. WHO classification(2010): Neuroendocrine tumor(G1)
5. Multiplicity: Single
6. Size: 0.7x0.4 cm
7. Extent: Mucosa and submucosa
8. Grading: Mitotic Count: 0-1/10HPF, Ki-67 labeling index: G1<2%
9. Immunohistochemical Stains: Synaptophysin : Positive, Chromogranin A: Positive
10. Lymphovascular invasion: Not identified
11. Perineural invasion: Not identified
12. Lymph node metastasis: not evaluated
13. Resection Margins: Negative, Safety margin : 1 cm

°ÇÁø ¹ß°ß ÇÔ¸ôÇü ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå NET·Î ¼ö¼úÀ» ±ÇÇß½À´Ï´Ù.


Small intestine, "duodenal mass", transduodenal excision: Neuroendocrine tumor, grade 1
1) location: duodenum
2) mitosis: 0/100HPF
3) Ki-67 labeling index (2.5%)
4) size: 2.5x1 cm
5) invasion depth: up to superficial submucosa
6) margin: free from tumor (closest lateral margin: 4 mm, deep margin: 1 mm)


8. Slow growing duodenal carcinoid (2015-11-12. ¸ñ¿äÁ¡½ÉÁý´ãȸ)

õõÈ÷ ÀÚ¶ó´Â ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå SMT¿´½À´Ï´Ù. °ú°Å Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¿¡¼­ Brunner gland hyperplasia·Î ³ª¿Â ¹Ù ÀÖÀ¸³ª SMT°¡ õõÈ÷ ÀÚ¶ú°í rubber hardÇÏ¿© Á¶Á÷À» ¾ò±â·Î ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Incision ÈÄ Á¶Á÷À» ¾ò¾ú°í ºÐÈ­µµ°¡ ÁÁÀº neuroendocrine tumor·Î ³ª¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ö¼úÀ» ±ÇÇß½À´Ï´Ù.


9. Duodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma

Duodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma´Â ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå carcinoid¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ °Í °°Áö¸¸ ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥ º´ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¹«¼­¿î º´ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼ö¼úÀ» Çߴµ¥ ±í°í ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

Duodenum, pancreas, CBD, stomach, whipple resection: Duodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma
Well differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma;
1) size: 1x1 cm
2) extension to perimuscular soft tissue
3) no involvement of pancreas, common bile duct and ampulla of Vater
4) no involvement of resection margins
5) metastasis to 2 out of 23 regional lymph nodes, (2/23: "LN#13" for frozen-1, 2/2; "LN#8", 0/4; omental lymph node, 0/3; periduodenal lymph node, 0/14)
6) Results of immunohistochemistry: Synaptophysin (Positive), CK19 (Positive), Ki-67 (Positive in about 10% of tumor cells), Insulin (Negative), Somatostatin (Negative)


10. ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå À¯¾ÏÁ¾ ÄÚµå

³×À̹ö¿¡¼­ ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå À¯¾ÏÁ¾À» °Ë»öÇÏ¸é ¿ÂÅë ÄÚµå ¹®Á¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾ÏÀ¸·Î º¸Çè±ÝÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´À³ÄÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾Ïº¸ÇèÀÌ ¹®Á¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Å« È¥¶õÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Çй®ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÏÀÎÁö ¾Æ´ÑÁö ¸íÈ®ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀ» °Å¾×ÀÇ µ·°ú ¿¬°áÇÏ¿© µÑ Áß Çϳª¸¦ °í¸£¶ó´Â °ÍÀº ÀÇ·áÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Æø·ÂÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ·Î¶Ç ¹æ½ÄÀÇ ¾Ïº¸ÇèÀº ÆóÁöµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±¹¹Î°ú ÀÇ·áÁø ´©±¸¿¡°Ôµµ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. º¸Çèȸ»çÀÇ ¹è¸¸ ºÒ¸± »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

³×À̹ö °Ë»ö °á°ú screenshot (accessed: 2018-5-10)


[FAQ]

[2015-1-28. ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ Áú¹®]

Pylorus Á÷ÇϹ濡 6mm Á¡¸·À¶±â º´º¯À» »ý°ËÇߴµ¥ carcinoid¶ó°í ³ª¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. EMRÀ» °èȹ ÁßÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÀü EndoTODAY¿¡µµ ¼öÂ÷·Ê ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾úÁö¸¸ ¼±»ý´Ô²²¼­´Â ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå ¼±Á¾¿¡¼­ ablationµµ ÀÚÁÖ ÇϽŴٰí Çϼ̴µ¥, ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå carcinoid´Â Å©±â°¡ ÀÛÀ¸¸é cold Bx, ablation, EMR Áß ¾î¶² ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼±È£ÇϽôÂÁö¿ä?

[2015-1-28. ÀÌÁØÇà ´äº¯]

Àú °°À¸¸é EMRÀ» Àá±ñ ½ÃµµÇغ¸°í Àß µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¹Ù·Î cold biopsy + ablationÀ» ÇÒ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì ESD´Â ½ÃµµÁ¶Â÷ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.


[References]

1) EndoTODAY Gastric carcinoid À§À¯¾ÏÁ¾

2) EndoTODAY Duodenal carcinoid ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå À¯¾ÏÁ¾

3) EndoTODAY Colorectal neuroendocrine tumor °áÀåÁ÷Àå ½Å°æ³»ºÐºñÁ¾¾ç. Á÷Àå À¯¾ÏÁ¾.

4) Carcinoid Tumor ´ëÇÑ Helicobacter ¹× »óºÎÀ§Àå°ü ¿¬±¸ÇÐȸ Ãá°è½ÉÆ÷Áö¾ö (ÀÌÁØÇà. 2009)

5) EndoTODAY Case: rectal carcinoid with metastasis Á÷Àå À¯¾ÏÁ¾ ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ Áõ·Ê

6) 2013-10-TODAY Procedure-related duodenal perforation

7) 2013³â 11¿ù 8ÀÏ - ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå õ°øÀ¸·Î 6°³¿ù ±Ý½Ä

8) ±è±¤ÇÏ. ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå ±âŸÁúȯ ´ëÇÑÀÓ»ó¼ÒÈ­±â³»°ú 2016 (PDF, 5.5 M)

9) ±è¼ºÈÆ. ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå ¾ç¼ºÁúȯ ´ëÇÑÀÓ»ó¼ÒÈ­±â³»°ú 2016 (PDF, 2.2 M)

© ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¹Ù¸¥³»½Ã°æ¿¬±¸¼Ò ÀÌÁØÇà. EndoTODAY Endoscopy Learning Center. Lee Jun Haeng.