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[Metachronous gastric cancer after ESD for EGC] - ðû

Clin Endosc 2018:51:253


2015³â »ï¼º¼­¿ïº´¿ø. ³»½Ã°æÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áÇÑ differentiate-type EGC ȯÀÚ 2,036¸í Áß curative resectionÀ¸·Î ³ª¿Ô´ø 1,692¸í (83.2%) Áß ESD·Î Ä¡·áÇÏ¿´°í 1³â ÀÌ»ó ÃßÀû°üÂûÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ¿´´ø 1,306¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ long-term follow-up data°¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù (¹Îº´ÈÆ. Endoscopy 2015).

Metachronous recurrence´Â 47¸í (3.6%, 47/1306)¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Á¶±âÀ§¾ÏÀÌ 44¿¹ (93.6%), ÁøÇ༺À§¾ÏÀÌ 3¿¹¿´À¸¸ç, 28¿¹(60.0%)´Â ESD·Î 19¿¹(40.0%)´Â ¼ö¼ú·Î Ä¡·áÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

Metachronous recurrence´Â óÀ½¿¡ ´Ù¹ß¼º º´¼Ò¿´´ø ȯÀÚ¿Í ºÐÈ­ÇüÀÌ well differentiated¿¡¼­ ¸¹¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.


2015³â µ¿°æ¾Ï¼¾ÅÍ. À̼Ҽº À§¾Ï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡Àå ´ë±Ô¸ð ¿¬±¸°¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù (Abe S. Endoscopy 2015 Dec).

During a median follow-up period of 82.2 months, 238 patients developed MGC post-ESD resection of EGC. The 5-year, 7-year, and 10-year cumulative incidence functions of MGC were 9.5%, 13.1% and 22.7%, respectively. Male sex and multiple initial EGCs were independent risk factors for MGC in the Cox proportional hazard model. Of the 238 patients with MGC, 215 were treated with endoscopic resection, of which 183 achieved curative resection, although one patient later died of his initial EGC. A further 14 patients were treated surgically, three had metastatic disease and received palliative chemotherapy, and the remaining six were observed without any intervention. A total of seven patients died of MGC, five at least 5 years after their index ESD. The 5-year, 7-year, and 10-year DSSs were 99.2%, 98.6%, and 92.5%, respectively.

1999³âºÎÅÍ 2006³â±îÁö µ¿°æ¾Ï¼¾ÅÍ¿¡¼­ ESD·Î Ä¡·áÇÑ EGC ȯÀÚ¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÑ ÀÚ·áÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Æò±Õ ¿¬·ÉÀÌ 67¼¼·Î ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó ȯÀÚº¸´Ù ´Ù¼Ò °í·ÉÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. À̼Ҽº À§¾ÏÀÇ ºóµµ°¡ 5³â¿¡ 9.5%·Î ¿ì¸®³ª¶óº¸´Ù ¿ùµîÈ÷ ³ô¾Ò´Âµ¥, ±× ÀÌÀ¯ Áß ÀϺδ adenoma°¡ cancer·Î Á¶Á÷Áø´ÜµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÏ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.

À̼Ҽº À§¾Ï 238¿¹ Áß 28¿¹(11.8%)¿¡¼­ ¼ö¼úÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. 3¸íÀÌ ÃÊÄ¡·á·Î Ç×¾ÏÄ¡·á¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ Æ¯ÀÌÇß½À´Ï´Ù (ÀúÈñ ±â°ü¿¡¼­´Â metastatic disease·Î ¹ß°ßµÈ À̼Ҽº À§¾ÏÀº ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù). 7¸í(2.9%)ÀÌ À̼Ҽº À§¾ÏÀ¸·Î »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

Abe µîÀÇ µ¿°æ¾Ï¼¾ÅÍ À̼ҼºÀ§¾Ï ¿¬±¸¿¡ Imperiale µîÀÌ editorialÀ» ºÙ¿´´Âµ¥ ¿ÂÅë overdiagnosis issueÀÔ´Ï´Ù (Imperiale. Endoscopy 2015 Dec). °üÁ¡ÀÌ Âü ¸¹ÀÌ ´Ù¸£´Ù°í »ý°¢µË´Ï´Ù.


ÀϺ» Àå¼Ò? Sugimoto T. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015 - Epub

The median follow-up period was 4.2 years. Metachronous gastric cancers were found in 23 of 155 patients (3.5% per year). No local recurrences were observed. The cumulative incidence of metachronous gastric cancer was significantly high in IM and NI in the corpus (P=0.0093 and P=0.0025, respectively [log-rank test]). The ORs for IM and NI in the corpus were 2.65 and 3.06, respectively, according to the Cox proportional hazards model (P=0.024 and P=0.0091, respectively).


Boda T. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2014

The annual incidence of metachronous tumors after ESD was 2.4%.


2015³â 8¿ù °­³²¼º¸ðº´¿ø¿¡¼­ ¼±Á¾À̳ª À§¾Ï ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á ÈÄ À̼Ҽº º´¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù (Yoon SB. GIE). Àúµµ¼±Á¾À» adenoma ±ºÀ¸·Î, °íµµ¼±Á¾°ú ¾ÏÀ» EGC ±ºÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾à°£ È¥µ¿µÇ´Â ¸éÀº ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù¸¸... Àúµµ ¼±Á¾ ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á ÈÄ¿¡µµ »ó´çºÎºÐ À̼Ҽº ¼±Á¾°ú À̼Ҽº ¾ÏÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Ù´Â Á¡À» Àß º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


2016³â ¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ (Park CH. PLoS One 2016). Undifferentiated type EGC¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á ÈÄ À̼Ҽº Àç¹ßÀÌ Àû¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î´Â µ¿½Ã¼º Àç¹ßµµ Àû¾ú´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °á·Ð("These findings suggest that ESD should be actively considered as a possible treatment for undifferentiated type EGCs")Àº Á¶±Ý ÀÌ»óÇß½À´Ï´Ù. À̼Ҽº Àç¹ßÀÌ Àû´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·áÀÇ ÀûÀÀÁõ È®´ë·Î ¿¬°áµÇ´ÂÁö ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

±×·±µ¥ 2010³â °°Àº ±â°ü¿¡¼­ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ³í¹®(Seo JH. Digestion 2010)°ú °á·ÐÀÌ ¹Ý´ëÀÎ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. 2010³â¿¡´Â "undifferentiated histology and upper location of the primary lesion were correlated with the occurrence of metachronous gastric cancer"¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


2015³â 3¿ù 20ÀÏ ÇÑÀÏÇ︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍÇÐȸ °æºÏ´ëÇб³ Àü¼º¿ì ±³¼ö´Ô °­ÀÇ. Metachronous recurrence after ESD

Àü¼º¿ì ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­ °æºÏ´ëÀÇ ESD ÈÄ metachronous recurrence¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ º¸¿©ÁֽŠÈÄ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬±¸ °á°úµéÀ» º¸¿©Áָ鼭 ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ °¡¼³À» Á¦½ÃÇϼ̽À´Ï´Ù. ESD ÈÄ Hp Á¦±ÕÀÌ metachronous cancer ¹ß»ý¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâÀº follow-up ±â°£¿¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù°í ¼³¸íÇϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.

Hp Á¦±Õ Ãʱ⿡´Â ¾ÏÀÇ ÁøÇàÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Hp Á¦±ÕÀÌ metachronous cancer ¹ß»ýÀ» ÁÙÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ª¿É´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª À§¾ÏÀº HpÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¸¹Àº ¿äÀο¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÕ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Àå±â°£ ÃßÀû°üÂûÀ» Çϸé Hp ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ÀÎÀÚ(diet, atrophic anc metaplastic gastritis, epigenetic change)ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀÌ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÇØÁö¹Ç·Î Hp Á¦±Õ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ È¿°ú°¡ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¾ÆÁö°í °á±¹ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ª¿É´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸í Áß ÀÌó·³ °£°áÇÏ°í ¸í·áÇÑ °¡¼³Àº óÀ½À̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Àü¼º¿ì ¼±»ý´Ô. ¸ÚÁý´Ï´Ù.

°ü·Ã³í¹®: Failure of Helicobacter pylori eradication and age are independent risk factors for recurrent neoplasia after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer in 283 patients. Kwon YH. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;39:609-18


2020³â ¼­¿ï´ë (Gut and Liver 2020)

¼­¿ï´ë ÆÀ¿¡¼­´Â 112¸í Áß 90¸í (80.3%)À» ESD·Î Ä¡·áÇß´Ù´Â ³î¶ó¿î ¼ºÀûÀ» º¸°íÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ editorial¿¡´Â ±×°£ ¹ßÇ¥µÈ ³í¹®µéÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ Àß Á¤¸®µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.


[Cases]

³¯¹® À§¾Ï ESD ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¹æÇâ¿¡¼­ ³¯¹® À§¾ÏÀÌ ³ª¿È

À̼Ҽº À§¾Ï Áß ¼ö¼úÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ Á¾Á¾ ¹ß°ßµË´Ï´Ù.

À̼Ҽº À§¾Ï Áß ESD ÈÄ ¼ö¼úÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Stomach, endoscopic submucosal dissection:
Early gastric carcinoma
1. Location : mid antrum
2. Gross type : EGC type IIc
3. Histologic type : tubular adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated
4. Histologic type by Lauren : intestinal
5. Size of carcinoma : (1) longest diameter, 13 mm (2) vertical diameter, 12 mm
6. Depth of invasion : invades submucosa, (depth of sm invasion : 1000 §­) (pT1b)
7. Resection margin : involved deep resection margin by carcinoma with cauterized artifacts safety margin : distal 15 mm, proximal 13 mm, anterior 16 mm, posterior 14 mm, deep 0 mm (sm only)
8. Lymphatic invasion : present (+++)
9. Venous invasion : suspicious
10. Perineural invasion : not identified(N)
11. Microscopic ulcer : absent
12. Histologic heterogeneity: absent

2008³â synchronous EGCs·Î ESD (x2) ÈÄ Ã¹ À̼Ҽº À§¾Ï(2011)Àº ESD·Î ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª µÎ¹ø° À̼Ҽº À§¾Ï(2015)Àº ESD ÈÄ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼ö¼úÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °á°ú°¡ ³ª¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù.
Stomach: LC of mid body, ESD:
Early gastric carcinoma
1. Location : body, lesser curvature
2. Gross type : EGC type IIc
3. Histologic type : tubular adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated
4. Histologic type by Lauren : intestinal
5. Size of carcinoma : (1) longest diameter, 11 mm (2) vertical diameter, 8 mm
6. Depth of invasion : invades submucosa, (depth of sm invasion : 400 §­) (pT1b)
7. Resection margin : involved deep resection margin by carcinoma with cauterized artifacts safety margin : distal 6 mm, proximal 9 mm, anterior 8 mm, posterior 10 mm, deep 0 §­
8. Lymphatic invasion : present
9. Venous invasion : not identified(N)
10. Perineural invasion : not identified(N)
11. Microscopic ulcer : absent
12. Histologic heterogeneity: absent

°íµµ¼±Á¾ ³»½Ã°æÄ¡·á ÈÄ À̼ҼºÀ¸·Î À§¾ÏÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Stomach, ESD : Early gastric carcinoma
1. Location : antrum, anterior wall
2. Gross type : EGC type IIb
3. Histologic type : tubular adenocarcinoma, well differentiated
4. Histologic type by Lauren : intestinal
5. Size of carcinoma : (1) longest diameter, 12 mm (2) vertical diameter, 8 mm
6. Depth of invasion : invades mucosa (lamina propria) (pT1a)
7. Resection margin : free from carcinoma(N), safety margin : distal 7 mm, proximal 4 mm, anterior 4 mm, posterior 8 mm, deep 600 §­
8. Lymphatic invasion : not identified(N)
9. Venous invasion : not identified(N)
10. Perineural invasion : not identified(N)
11. Microscopic ulcer : absent
12. Histologic heterogeneity: absent


Metachronous cancer develops in 1-2%/year after ESD for EGC. Six years after ESD for EGC, a metachronous cancer was found in the lesser curvature aspect of the high body. ESD was done again.

[1st ESD (left)]
ESD: Early gastric carcinoma
1. Location : proximal antrum, greater curvature
2. Gross type : EGC type IIb+IIc
3. Histologic type : tubular adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated
4. Histologic type by Lauren : intestinal
5. Size of carcinoma : (1) longest diameter, 14 mm (2) vertical diameter, 13 mm
6. Depth of invasion : invades mucosa (lamina propria) (pT1a)
7. Resection margin : free from carcinoma(N), safety margin : distal 11 mm, proximal 12 mm, anterior 18 mm, posterior 12 mm
8. Lymphatic invasion : not identified(N)
9. Venous invasion : not identified(N)
10. Perineural invasion : not identified(N)
11. Microscopic ulcer : absent
12. Histologic heterogeneity: absent

[2nd ESD (right)]
ESD: Early gastric carcinoma
1. Location : high body, lesser curvature
2. Gross type : EGC type IIa+IIc
3. Histologic type : tubular adenocarcinoma, well differentiated
4. Histologic type by Lauren : intestinal
5. Size of carcinoma : (1) longest diameter, 18 mm (2) vertical diameter, 14 mm
6. Depth of invasion : invades mucosa (lamina propria) (pT1a)
7. Resection margin : free from carcinoma(N) safety margin : distal 7 mm, proximal 6 mm, anterior 12 mm, posterior 10 mm, deep 200 §­
8. Lymphatic invasion : not identified(N)
9. Venous invasion : not identified(N)
10. Perineural invasion : not identified(N)
11. Microscopic ulcer : absent
12. Histologic heterogeneity: absent


Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer may develop after ESD.

2021³â (F/64)

Biopsy at peritoneal seeding nodule


[FAQ]

[2021-3-31. Çлý Áú¹®]

¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ¸·Î Àç¹ßÇÏ´Â EGC¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ¾î¶»°Ô ÇؾßÇÒÁö ±Ã±ÝÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ø·¡ ±×³É ESDÇÑ È¯ÀÚ¶ó¸é °æ°ú°üÂûÀ» ÇÏ°ÚÁö¸¸, ÀÌ·¸°Ô Àç¹ßÇϴ ȯÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½ ¹ø¿¡ ¶Ç Àç¹ßÇÒ °æ¿ì À§ÀýÁ¦¼ö¼úÀ» °í·ÁÇØ¾ß Çϳª¿ä?

[2021-4-1. ÀÌÁØÇà ´äº¯]

ÁÁÀº Áú¹® °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÑ ¸¶µð·Î ´äÇϸé Àç¹ßÀÇ Á¾·ù¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸¨´Ï´Ù.

Á¶±âÀ§¾Ï ³»½Ã°æÄ¡·á ÈÄ º´¸®ÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ÏÀüÀýÁ¦·Î ÆÇ´ÜµÈ È¯ÀÚÀÇ µ¿ÀÏ º´¼Ò(index cancer)ÀÇ ±¹¼Ò, ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ È¤Àº ¿ø°Ý Àç¹ßÀº »ó´çÈ÷ Àû½À´Ï´Ù (EndoTODAY Longterm outcome of endoscopic curative resection of EGC). ±¹¼Ò Àç¹ßÀº »óȲ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ¼ÒÀÛ¼ú, second ESD, ȤÀº ¼ö¼úÀ» Àû¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ´Â ´ç¿¬È÷ ¼ö¼úÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ø°Ý Àç¹ßÀº ¾ÈŸ±î¿î °æ¿ìÀÌÁö¸¸ Ç×¾ÏÄ¡·á¸¦ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù (EndoTODAY Extragastric recurrence after ESD for EGC).

Index cancerÀÇ Àç¹ßº¸´Ù´Â À̼Ҽº (ì¶á¶àõ) Àç¹ßÀÌ ÈçÇÕ´Ï´Ù (EndoTODAY À̼Ҽº Àç¹ß). À§ ³»ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ À§¾ÏÀÌ »õ·Î ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìÀε¥ ±× ºóµµ´Â 1³â¿¡ 1-2%ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 5³âÀ̸é 5-10%¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ï »ó´çÈ÷ ÈçÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Clin Endosc 2018:51:253

À̼Ҽº Àç¹ßÀÇ Ä¡·á¿øÄ¢Àº À§¾ÏÀÌ Ã³À½ Áø´ÜµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ³»½Ã°æ ÀýÁ¦¼ú ÀûÀÀÁõÀÌ¸é ³»½Ã°æ ÀýÁ¦¼úÀ» ÇÏ°í ¼ö¼ú ÀûÀÀÁõÀÌ¸é ¼ö¼úÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 2¹ø°, 3¹ø°, 4¹ø°.... ¾ÏÀ̾ú´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ³»½Ã°æ ÀýÁ¦¼úÀ» °í·ÁÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¼ö¼úÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. À§´Â ¼ÒÁßÇÑ Àå±âÀÌ°í °¡´ÉÇÏ¸é ³¡±îÁö °¡Áö°í »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ À¯¸®Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Subtotal gastrectomy³ª total gastrectomy ÈÄ »îÀÇ ÁúÀº »ó´çÈ÷ ¶³¾îÁý´Ï´Ù.

[2021-3-31. Çлý Áú¹®]

½Ã¼úÀ» Çϱâ Àü Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¿¡¼­´Â well differentiated¿´´Âµ¥, ESD ÈÄ Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç °á°ú°¡ moderately differentiated·Î ³ª¿Ô´Ù¸é, ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¼ö¼úÀ» °í·ÁÇؾßÇϳª¿ä?

[2021-4-1. ÀÌÁØÇà ´äº¯]

ESD ÀüÈÄ ¼¼Æ÷ÇüÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ´Â »ó´çÇÕ´Ï´Ù (EndoTODAY Pathologic discrepancy). Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç´Â ºÎºÐ °Ë»çÀÌ°í ESD °Ëü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °Ë»ç´Â Àüü °Ë»çÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ºÎºÐÀ» º¸°í Àüü¸¦ ¿¹ÃøÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Ç×»ó Á¤È®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.

ESD ÀüÈÄ ¼¼Æ÷ÇüÀÌ ´Ù¸£°Ô ³ª¿Ã ¶§ÀÇ ¿øÄ¢Àº °£´ÜÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ESD °Ëü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º´¸®°á°ú¿¡ µû¶ó additional surgery ¿©ºÎ¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


[References]

1) êÖ ESD ÈÄ ³»½Ã°æ ¼Ò°ß (ÀÌÁØÇà). »ï¼º¼­¿ïº´¿ø Winter school 2018

© ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¹Ù¸¥³»½Ã°æ¿¬±¸¼Ò ÀÌÁØÇà. EndoTODAY Endoscopy Learning Center. Lee Jun Haeng.